> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://www.integrate.io/docs/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # ETL: Functions Reference > Complete reference of all built-in functions in Integrate.io ETL expressions, covering string, math, date, hash, collection, and API functions. | Name | Description | | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [ByteArrayToString](/etl/bytearraytostring/) | Converts a byte array to a string based on the given encoding. | | [GetBytes](/etl/getbytes/ "Link: /etl/getbytes/") | Returns a byte array for a string input. | | [ParseDoubleOrDefault](/etl/parsedoubleordefault/ "Link: /etl/parsedoubleordefault/") | Attempts to convert a string representation of a number to a double-precision numeric equivalent. If successful, returns the string as a double numeric value, otherwise returns the default value. | | [ParseFloatOrDefault](/etl/parsefloatordefault/ "Link: /etl/parsefloatordefault/") | Attempts to convert a string representation of a number to a floating-precision numeric equivalent. If successful, returns the string as a double numeric value, otherwise returns the default value. | | [ParseIntOrDefault](/etl/parseintordefault/) | Attempts to convert a string representation of a number to a integer-precision numeric equivalent. If successful, returns the string as a double numeric value, otherwise returns the default value. | | [ParseLongOrDefault](/etl/parselongordefault/) | Attempts to convert a string representation of a number to a long-precision numeric equivalent. If successful, returns the string as a double numeric value, otherwise returns the default value. | | [ParseDate](/etl/parsedate/) | Convert input datetime string to datetime data type, using the first format that matches the string. | | [ToDate](/etl/todate/) | Convert datetime string to datetime data type | | [ToDateCustomFormats](/etl/todatecustomformats/) | Convert input that matches one of multiple formats to datetime data type. | | [ToHexString](/etl/tohexstring/) | Returns a string representation of the integer argument in base 16 | | [ToString](/etl/tostring/) | Convert datetime value to string data type | | [ToJson](/etl/tojson/) | Returns the input as a JSON string. | | Name | Description | | :----------------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [BagToString](/etl/bagtostring/) | Concatenates a bag into a string. | | [BagToTuple](/etl/bagtotuple/) | Flattens a bag into a tuple. Once the bag is flattened into a tuple, items can be extracted by referencing tuple items. | | [IsEmpty](/etl/isempty/) | Returns true if the input map or bag is empty, false if the input contains items, or null if the input is null. | | [MapToBag](/etl/maptobag/) | Transforms a hash map to a bag of hash maps where each map contains two keys: key and value. | | [MapToQueryString](/etl/maptoquerystring/) | Converts a map to a URL query string (key1=value1\&key2=value2). | | [TOBAG](/etl/tobag/) | Converts one or more expressions to type bag | | [TOMAP](/etl/tomap/) | Converts key/value expression pairs to type map | | [TOTUPLE](/etl/totuple/) | Converts one or more expressions to type tuple | | Name | Description | | :------------------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [AddDuration](/etl/addduration/) | Returns the result of a datetime\_field plus a duration\_field. | | [ClockTime](/etl/clocktime/) | For each record, returns the datetime value when the function is called. | | [CurrentTime](/etl/currenttime/) | Returns the datetime value when a job was submitted. Use ClockTime() to get a value per record in the set. | | [DaysBetween](/etl/daysbetween/) | Returns the number of days between the end\_datetime and the start\_datetime?. | | [GetDay](/etl/getday/) | Returns the day of a month from a datetime field. | | [GetHour](/etl/gethour/) | Returns the hour of a day from a datetime field. | | [GetMilliSecond](/etl/getmillisecond/) | Returns the millisecond of a second from a datetime field. | | [GetMinute](/etl/getminute/) | Returns the minute of a hour from a datetime field. | | [GetMonth](/etl/getmonth/) | Returns the month of a year from a datetime field. | | [GetSecond](/etl/getsecond/) | Returns the second of a minute from a datetime field. | | [GetWeek](/etl/getweek/) | Returns the week of a week year from a datetime field. | | [GetWeekYear](/etl/getweekyear/) | Returns the week year from a datetime field. | | [GetYear](/etl/getyear/) | Returns the year from a datetime field. | | [HoursBetween](/etl/hoursbetween/) | Returns the number of hours between the end\_datetime and the start\_datetime?. | | [IntervalIntersection](/etl/intervalintersection/) | Returns the duration in milliseconds of the overlap between all intervals in the function's arguments. | | [MilliSecondsBetween](/etl/millisecondsbetween/) | Returns the number of milliseconds between the end\_datetime and the start\_datetime?. | | [MinutesBetween](/etl/minutesbetween/) | Returns the number of minutes between the end\_datetime and the start\_datetime?. | | [MonthsBetween](/etl/monthsbetween/) | Returns the number of months between the end\_datetime and the start\_datetime?. | | [SecondsBetween](/etl/secondsbetween/) | Returns the number of seconds between the end\_datetime and the start\_datetime. | | [SubtractDuration](/etl/subtractduration/) | Returns the result of a DateTime object minus a Duration object. | | [SwitchTimeZone](/etl/switchtimezone/) | Changes a datetime value's time zone from the value's original time zone to the time zone given in tz\_string and returns the value. | | [ToMilliSeconds](/etl/tomilliseconds/) | Returns the number of milliseconds elapsed since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z for a datetime value. | | [ToUnixTime](/etl/tounixtime/) | Returns the Unix Time for a datetime value. | | [WeeksBetween](/etl/weeksbetween/) | Returns the number of weeks between the end\_datetime and the start\_datetime | | [YearsBetween](/etl/yearsbetween/) | Returns the number of years between the end\_datetime and the start\_datetime. | ISO 8601 String Functions | Name | Description | | :----------------------------------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [DateDiffDays](/etl/datediffdays/) | Returns the number of days between the end\_datetime and the start\_datetime. | | [DateDiffHours](/etl/datediffhours/) | Returns the number of hours between the end\_datetime and the start\_datetime. | | [DateDiffMinutes](/etl/datediffminutes/) | Returns the number of minutes between the end\_datetime and the start\_datetime. | | [DateDiffMonths](/etl/datediffmonths/) | Returns the number of months between the end\_datetime and the start\_datetime. | | [DateDiffSeconds](/etl/datediffseconds/) | Returns the number of seconds between the end\_datetime and the start\_datetime. | | [DateDiffYears](/etl/datediffyears/) | Returns the number of years between the end\_datetime and the start\_datetime. | | [IsISODatetime](/etl/isisodatetime/) | Checks if the datetime\_field is in ISO 8601 date time format. | | [ISOAddDuration](/etl/isoaddduration/) | Adds the value represented by the duration field to the datetime\_field. | | [ISODatetimeToString](/etl/isodatetimetostring/) | Convert datetime string in ISO format to JDBC timestamp string format | | [ISODatetimeToTimestampFormat](/etl/isodatetimetotimestampformat/) | Convert datetime string in ISO format to JDBC timestamp string format | | [ISOSubtractDuration](/etl/isosubtractduration/) | Subtracts the value represented by the duration field from the datetime\_field. | | [ISOToDay](/etl/isotoday/) | Resets the ISO datetime string to the beginning of the day specified in the string. | | [ISOToHour](/etl/isotohour/) | Resets the ISO datetime string to the beginning of the hour specified in the string. | | [ISOToMinute](/etl/isotominute/) | Resets the ISO datetime string to the beginning of the minute specified in the string. | | [ISOToMonth](/etl/isotomonth/) | Resets the ISO datetime string to the beginning of the month specified in the string. | | [ISOToSecond](/etl/isotosecond/) | Resets the ISO datetime string to the beginning of the second specified in the string. | | [ISOToWeek](/etl/isotoweek/) | Resets the ISO datetime string to the beginning of the week (Monday) specified in the string. | | [ISOToYear](/etl/isotoyear/) | Resets the ISO datetime string to the beginning of the year specified in the string. | | [StringToISODatetime](/etl/stringtoisodatetime/) | Converts a non-ISO datetime string whose structure is defined by a format string into an ISO 8601 format. | | [TimestampFormatToISODatetime](/etl/timestampformattoisodatetime/) | Convert datetime string in JDBC timestamp string format to ISO format | **IP to Location** Functions | Name | Description | | :----------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [CityNameFromIP](/etl/citynamefromip/) | Extracts the city name from a given IPv4 string (dot-decimal notation). | | [ContinentCodeFromIP](/etl/continentcodefromip/) | Extracts the continent code from a given IPv4 string (dot-decimal notation). | | [ContinentNameFromIP](/etl/continentnamefromip/) | Extracts the continent name from a given IPv4 string (dot-decimal notation). | | [CountryCodeFromIP](/etl/countrycodefromip/) | Extracts the country code (ISO-3166-1 alpha2) from a given IPv4 string (dot-decimal notation). | | [CountryNameFromIP](/etl/countrynamefromip/) | Extracts the country name from a given IPv4 string (dot-decimal notation). | | [LatitudeFromIP](/etl/latitudefromip/) | Extracts the latitude from a given IPv4 string (dot-decimal notation). | | [LongitudeFromIP](/etl/longitudefromip/) | Extracts the longitude from a given IPv4 string (dot-decimal notation). | | [RegionCodeFromIP](/etl/regioncodefromip/) | Extracts the two character ISO-3166-2 (US or Canada) or FIPS 10-4 code for the state/region from a given IPv4 string (dot-decimal notation). | | [RegionNameFromIP](/etl/regionnamefromip/) | Extracts the region, state (US) or province (Canada) from a given IPv4 string (dot-decimal notation). | | Name | Description | | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | [JsonExtract](/etl/jsonextract/) | Extracts the value referenced by  [jsonpath](https://goessner.net/articles/JsonPath/)-like expression json\_path from a given JSON string (a string containing JSON) and returns the result as a JSON string. | | [JsonExtractScalar](/etl/jsonextractscalar/ "Link: /etl/jsonextractscalar/") | Extracts the value referenced by JSONPath-like expression json\_path from a given JSON string (a string containing JSON) and returns the result as a string | | [JsonStringToBag](/etl/jsonstringtobag/ "Link: /etl/jsonstringtobag/") | Converts a string field that contains a json array to a bag (array). | | [JsonStringToMap](/etl/jsonstringtomap/ "Link: /etl/jsonstringtomap/") | Converts a string field that contains a Json object to a map (key:value pairs). From   the map you can extract fields using the notation map#'fieldname'. | | Name | Description | | :--------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [ExecuteBQInsert](/etl/executebqinsert/ "Link: /etl/executebqinsert/") | Starts a query job in Google BigQuery and writes the query results to a destination table. | | [ExecuteSqlBoolean](/etl/executesqlboolean/) | Execute a SQL query that returns a scalar boolean value. | | [ExecuteSqlDateTime](/etl/executesqldatetime/) | Execute a SQL query that returns a scalar datetime value. | | [ExecuteSqlDouble](/etl/executesqldouble/) | Execute a SQL query that returns a scalar double value. | | [ExecuteSqlFloat](/etl/executesqlfloat/) | Execute a SQL query that returns a scalar float value. | | [ExecuteSqlInt](/etl/executesqlint/) | Execute a SQL query that returns a scalar int value. | | [ExecuteSqlLong](/etl/executesqllong/) | Execute a SQL query that returns a scalar long value. | | [ExecuteSqlString](/etl/executesqlstring/) | Execute a SQL query that returns a scalar string value. | | [ExecuteSqlNonQuery](/etl/executesqlnonquery/) | Execute a SQL statement or a batch of SQL statements that modify the data or the schema (DML or DDL). | | Name | Description | | :----------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [XPath](/etl/xpath/) | Extracts part of an XML document using an XPath expression. | | [XPathToBag](/etl/xpathtobag/) | Extracts part of an XML document using an XPath expression and returns a bag of all matches. | | Name | Description | | :-------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [ABS](/etl/abs/) | Returns the absolute value of a number | | [ACOS](/etl/acos/) | Returns the arc cosine of a number | | [ASIN](/etl/sin/) | Returns the arc sine of a number | | [ATAN](/etl/atan/) | Returns the arc tangent of a number | | [CBRT](/etl/cbrt/) | Returns the cube root of a number | | [CEIL](/etl/ceil/) | Rounds the expression up to the nearest integer. | | [COS](/etl/cos/) | Returns the trigonometric cosine of a number | | [COSH](/etl/cosh/) | Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number | | [EXP](/etl/exp/) | Returns Euler's number e raised to the power of the expression | | [FLOOR](/etl/floor/) | Rounds the expression down to the nearest integer. | | [LOG](/etl/log/) | Returns the natural logarithm of a number | | [LOG10](/etl/log10/) | Returns the base 10 logarithm of a number | | [POW](/etl/pow/) | Returns x raised to the power of y | | [RANDOM](/etl/random/) | Returns a pseudo-random number between 0.0 and 1.0 | | [ROUND](/etl/round/) | Rounds the expression up or down to the nearest integer according to standard math rules. | | [ROUND\_TO](/etl/round-to/) | Rounds the expression to a fixed number of decimal digits. | | [SIN](/etl/sin/) | Returns the trigonometric sine of a number | | [SINH](/etl/sinh/) | Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number | | [SQRT](/etl/sqrt/) | Returns the square root of a number | | [TAN](/etl/tan/) | Returns the trigonometric tangent of a number | | [TANH](/etl/tanh/) | Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number | | Name | Description | | :------------------------------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [Base64Decode](/etl/base64decode/) | Decodes a Base64 string into a bytearray. | | [Base64DecodeToString](/etl/base64decodetostring/) | Decodes a Base64 string into string. | | [Base64Encode](/etl/base64encode/) | Encodes a byte array argument into a Base64 byte array. | | [Base64EncodeToString](/etl/base64encodetostring/) | Encodes a byte array argument into a string using Base64 encoding scheme. | | [CONCAT](/etl/concat/) | Concatenates a variable number of strings and returns them as one string. | | [ExtractQueryStringParam](/etl/extractquerystringparam/) | Extracts the value from a specified query string parameter for a url field. | | [ExtractSearchQuery](/etl/extractsearchquery/) | Returns the search string from a search engine query url. | | [ExtractUrlPart](/etl/extracturlpart/) | Extracts a specified part from a URL field. | | [INDEXOF](/etl/indexof/) | Returns the position of the first occurrence of a search string in a string field, when searching forward from the start index. | | [LAST\_INDEX\_OF](/etl/last-index-of/) | Returns the position of the last occurrence of a search string in a string field, when searching backward from the end of the string. | | [LCFIRST](/etl/lcfirst/) | Converts the first character in a string to lower case | | [Length](/etl/length/) | Returns the number of characters in a string field. | | [LOWER](/etl/lower/) | Converts the characters in a string\_field to lower case. | | [QueryStringToMap](/etl/querystringtomap/) | Converts a string field that contains a query string (...?key1=value1\&key2=value2) to a map of key:value pairs. From the map you can extract fields using the notation map#'fieldname'. | | [REGEX\_EXTRACT](/etl/regex-extract/) | Returns the nth occurrence (specified by index) of a string that matches the regular expression. | | [REGEX\_EXTRACT\_ALL](/etl/regex-extract-all/) | Returns a tuple with all matched groups. | | [REGEX\_FIND\_ALL](/etl/regex-find-all/) | Return all occurrences of strings that match a regular expression in a bag. | | [REPLACE](/etl/replace/) | In a string field, replaces all occurrences of a string with a different string. | | [SPRINTF](/etl/sprintf/) | Uses printf-style template to formats a set of values using the native Java formatter library. | | [STRSPLIT](/etl/strsplit/) | Splits a string around matches of a delimiter | | [STRSPLITTOBAG](/etl/strsplittobag/) | Splits a string into a bag around matches of a delimiter. | | [SUBSTRING](/etl/substring/) | Returns part of a string field. | | [TOKENIZE](/etl/tokenize/) | Generates a bag from delimited strings in string field. If you don't specify a single-character delimiter, tokenize will use any of the following characters: space, double-quote, comma, parenthesis, star | | [TRIM](/etl/trim/) | Removes leading and trailing spaces from a string field. | | [INITCAP](/etl/initialcap/) | Capitalizes the first letter of each word in a string and lowercases the rest. Words are delimited by whitespace, hyphen, apostrophe, or period. | | [UCFIRST](/etl/ucfirst/) | Converts the first character in a string to upper case | | [UPPER](/etl/upper/) | Converts the characters in a string\_field to upper case. | | [URLDecode](/etl/urldecode/) | Decodes a string field containing an encoded url. | | [URLEncode](/etl/urlencode/) | URL-encodes a given string expression.. | | [UUID](/etl/uuid/) | Returns a universally unique   identifier (string) | | Name | Description | | :----------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | [MD2](/etl/md2/) | Calculates the MD2 hash of a string | | [MD5](/etl/md5/) | Calculates the MD5 hash of a string | | [SHA1](/etl/sha1/) | Calculates the SHA1 hash of a string | | [SHA256](/etl/sha256/) | Calculates the SHA256 hash of a string | | [SHA256WithRSA](/etl/sha256withrsa/) | Sign an input string with an RSA private key using the SHA256withRSA signature algorithm. Useful with JWT authentication. | | [SHA384](/etl/sha384/) | Calculates the SHA384 hash of a string | | [SHA512](/etl/sha512/) | Calculates the SHA512 hash of a string | | Name | Description | | :----------------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [Encrypt](/etl/encrypt/) | AES encrypt a string using the specified AWS KMS key ARN and encryption context. | | [Decrypt](/etl/decrypt/) | Decrypt an Integrate.io ETL encrypted string using the specified AWS KMS key ARN and the encryption context used for the encryption. | | Name | Description | | :------------------------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------- | | [BrowserFamily](/etl/browserfamily/) | Extract browser family from user agent string | | [BrowserFullName](/etl/browserfullname/) | Extract browser full name (family+version) from user agent string | | [BrowserMajor](/etl/browsermajor/) | Extract browser major version from user agent string | | [BrowserMinor](/etl/browserminor/) | Extract browser minor version from user agent string | | [BrowserPatch](/etl/browserpatch/) | Extract browser patch version from user agent string | | [BrowserVersion](/etl/browserversion/) | Extract browser version from user agent string | | [DeviceFamily](/etl/devicefamily/) | Extract device family from user agent string | | [ExtractUABrowserID](/etl/extractuabrowserid/) | Returns a browser ID for a given user agent string. | | [ExtractUABrowserName](/etl/extractuabrowsername/) | Returns a browser name for a given user agent string. | | [OsFamily](/etl/osfamily/) | Extract OS family from user agent string | | [OsFullName](/etl/osfullname/) | Extract OS full name (family+version) from uesr agent string | | [OsMajor](/etl/osmajor/) | Extract OS major version from user agent string | | [OsMinor](/etl/osminor/) | Extract OS minor version from user agent string | | [OsPatch](/etl/ospatch/) | Extract OS patch version from user agent string | | [OsPatchMinor](/etl/ospatchminor/) | Extract OS patch minor version from user agent string | | [OsVersion](/etl/osversion/) | Extract OS version from user agent string | | [PlatformFamily](/etl/platformfamily/) | Extract platform family from user agent string | | Name | Description | | :------------------------------------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [CCurl](/etl/ccurl/) | Makes a REST API call and returns the response received from the server. Requests are authenticated using an Integrate.io ETL connection. | | [BinaryCCurl](/etl/binaryccurl/) | Makes a REST API call and returns the binary response received from the server. Requests are authenticated using an Integrate.io ETL connection. | | [CCurlWithPagination](/etl/ccurlwithpagination/) | Makes one or more REST API calls and returns the responses received from all the pages requested from the server. Requests are authenticated using an Integrate.io ETL connection. | | [COALESCE](/etl/coalesce/) | Returns the first non-NULL argument | | [Curl](/etl/curl/) | Makes a REST API call and returns the response received from the server. | | [BinaryCurl](/etl/binarycurl/) | Makes a REST API call and returns the binary response received from the server. Requests are made either anonymous or with basic authentication | | [CurlWithPagination](/etl/curlwithpagination/) | Makes one or more REST API calls and returns the responses received from all the pages requested from the server. Requests are made either anonymous or with basic authentication. | | [CurlPoll](/etl/curlpoll/) | Makes a REST API request continuously until a regular expression is matched or timeout is reached. | | [CCurlPoll](/etl/ccurlpoll/) | Makes a REST API request continuously until a regular expression is matched or timeout is reached. Requests are authenticated using an Integrate.io ETL connection. | | [DistInMilesHaversine](/etl/distinmileshaversine/) | Computes the distance (in miles) between two latitude-longitude pairs using the Haversine formula, base on Apache DataFu. | | [Flatten](/etl/flatten/) | For each item in a bag, flatten creates a new record containing the item and the data of all the other fields in the component. | | [SIZE](/etl/size/) | Calculates the number of elements based on the data type. | | [Sleep](/etl/sleep/) | Causes the process to sleep for a specified number of milliseconds | | [CSVSPLIT](/etl/csvsplit/) | Splits a CSV string into a tuple around matches of a field delimiter. |